Types of Coffee

There are four main types of coffee beans that are commonly cultivated and used for commercial coffee production. These beans come from different species of the Coffea plant. Here are the primary types:

Arabica (Coffea arabica):
Arabica beans are considered the higher-quality and more flavorful of the two main species. They are known for their mild acidity, complex flavors, and aromatic profile. Arabica plants thrive at higher elevations with cooler temperatures and are grown in regions like Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia.

Robusta (Coffea canephora):
Robusta beans are known for their strong, bold flavor, higher caffeine content, and often more bitter taste compared to Arabica. Robusta plants are hardier and can withstand higher temperatures, making them suitable for cultivation in lower-altitude regions. They are commonly grown in Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America.

Liberica (Coffea liberica):
Liberica beans have a distinct flavor profile that can be described as fruity, floral, and sometimes with woody or spicy notes. While less common than Arabica and Robusta, Liberica is cultivated in West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Philippines.

Excelsa (Coffea excelsa or Liberica var. Dewevrei):
Formerly considered a variety of Liberica, Excelsa has its own unique flavor profile. It is known for its complex, fruity, and spicy notes. Excelsa is primarily grown in Southeast Asia, particularly in countries like the Philippines.